硅藻門(mén) 羽紋藻綱 無(wú)殼縫目 脆桿藻科
肘形藻屬(肘桿藻屬)
Ulnaria (Kützing) Compère 2001
Compère P. 2001. Ulnaria (Kützing) Compère, a new genus name for Fragilaria subgen. Alterasynedra Lange-Bertalot with comments on the typification of Synedra Ehrenberg. In: Lange-Bertalot Festschrift. Studies on diatoms dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Horst Lange-Bertalot on the occasion of his 65 th birthday. (Jahn, R., Kociolek, J. P., Witkowski, A. & Compère, P. Eds), 97-101.
形態(tài)特征
細(xì)胞多單生,有時(shí)形成扇形或簇狀群體,罕見(jiàn)帶狀。殼面細(xì)長(zhǎng),線(xiàn)形或披針形。中軸區(qū)明顯,線(xiàn)形至窄披針形。中央?yún)^(qū)圓形、橢圓形或矩形,通??梢?jiàn)一些較淺的線(xiàn)紋(ghost striae),有些種類(lèi)中央?yún)^(qū)只存在于殼面一側(cè)或無(wú)中央?yún)^(qū)。殼面末端通常具堅(jiān)硬的硅質(zhì)小刺。線(xiàn)紋單列或雙列。1-2個(gè)唇形突位于殼面末端(一個(gè)末端具一個(gè)唇形突或兩端各具一個(gè)唇形突)。第一環(huán)帶閉合。
識(shí)別要點(diǎn)
①殼面細(xì)長(zhǎng),中軸區(qū)明顯,多為窄線(xiàn)形;
②中央?yún)^(qū)通??梢?jiàn)一些較淺的線(xiàn)紋(ghost striae);
③線(xiàn)紋單列或雙列;
④第一環(huán)帶閉合。
生境
廣泛分布于湖泊、河流、溪流、沼澤等生境中。
分布
該屬世界廣布,約有45種,我國(guó)淡水報(bào)道約30種。
模式種
Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère
常見(jiàn)種舉例
肘狀肘形藻Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère 2001: 100
Bacillaria ulna Nitzsch 1817: 99
Navicula ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg 1830: 64
Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg 1832: 87
Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) Lange-Bertalot 1980: 745
光鏡(LM)描述:殼面細(xì)長(zhǎng),線(xiàn)形至披針形,兩側(cè)平行,末端圓形至喙?fàn)?。中軸區(qū)明顯,線(xiàn)形。中央?yún)^(qū)在少數(shù)標(biāo)本中不明顯,但在大部分標(biāo)本中,呈矩形。殼面長(zhǎng)65-134 μm,寬6.5-11 μm。線(xiàn)紋單列,平行排列,末端微輻射排列,每10 μm內(nèi)有9-11條。環(huán)帶閉合,一般不超過(guò)四條。
掃描電鏡(SEM)描述:線(xiàn)紋單列,由圓形至橢圓形的孔紋組成,孔紋被硅質(zhì)小片覆蓋。殼面兩端各具一個(gè)唇形突,從外殼面看是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的孔,從內(nèi)殼面看是一個(gè)由兩個(gè)硅質(zhì)片狀結(jié)構(gòu)組成的唇形狀突起。頂孔區(qū)兩個(gè),位于殼面末端殼套上,由規(guī)則排列的孔紋組成。從外殼面看,殼面最末端通常具兩個(gè)堅(jiān)硬的硅質(zhì)小刺。
生境:淡水種,廣泛分布在湖泊、河流、泉水、沼澤、農(nóng)田等環(huán)境中。
國(guó)內(nèi)已有報(bào)道:廣布種。
國(guó)外分布:廣布種。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]齊雨藻, 李家英. 2004. 中國(guó)淡水藻志. 第十卷, 硅藻門(mén), 羽紋綱 (無(wú)殼縫目擬殼縫目). 北京: 科學(xué)出版社
[2]倪依晨, 劉琪, 尤慶敏, 王全喜. 2013. 甘肅尕海硅藻初報(bào)[J].植物科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 31(05): 445-453.
[3]Compère P. 2001. Ulnaria (Kützing) Compère, a new genus name for Fragilaria subgen. Alterasynedra Lange-Bertalot with comments on the typification of Synedra Ehrenberg. In: Lange-Bertalot Festschrift. Studies on diatoms dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Horst Lange-Bertalot on the occasion of his 65 th birthday. (Jahn, R., Kociolek, J.P., Witkowski, A. & Compère, P. Eds), 97-101
[4]Eduardo A. Morales et al. 2014. New epiphytic araphid diatoms in the genus Ulnaria (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Titicaca, Bolivia[J]. Diatom Research, 29(1): 41-54.
[5]Guiry M. D. in Guiry, M. D. & Guiry, G.M. 2020. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 03 November 2020.
[6]Kociolek J. P., Blanco S., Coste M., Ector, Liu Y. Karthick B. Kulikovskiy M., Lundholm N. Ludwig T., Potapova M. Rimet F. Sabbe K., Sala S., Sar E., Taylor, J.; Van de Vijver B. Wetzel C. E. Williams D. M. Witkowski A. Witkowski, J. 2020. http://www.diatombase.org/ aphia.php?p =taxdetails&id=416120 on 2020-11-03
[7]Liu B., Williams D. M., Saúl Blanco & Jing X. 2017. Three new species of Ulnaria (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China[J]. Nova Hedwigia, 2017, 146(146): 197-208.
[8]Round F. E., Crawford R.M. & Mann D.G., 1990. The Diatoms Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. [i-ix], 747
[9]Spaulding S. 2013. Ulnaria. In Diatoms of North America. Retrieved December 06, 2020, from https://diatoms.org/genera/ulnaria
[10]Williams D. M. 1986. Comparative morphology of some species of Synedra Ehrenb. with a new definition of the genus [J]. Diatom Research, 1(1): 131-152.
[11]Williams D. M. & Round F. E. 1986. Revision of the genus Synedra Ehrenb. [J]. Diatom Research, 1(2): 313-339.
[12]Williams D. M. 2011. Synedra, Ulnaria: definitions and descriptions – a partial resolution[J]. Diatom Research, 26(1-2):149-153.
作者:羅粉、于潘、尤慶敏
編輯:邢淵、王全喜